IRLF 


GV 


JPhysical  Training 


an 


d  G 


ames 


As  Used  hi  tke  (Canadian  Forces 

-  BY  - 

CAPT.  ROY  S.  HARRISON, 

-  M.  C.,  C.  deG.  - 
Canadian    Army    Gymnastic    Stall 


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Adopted  by  tke  United  States  MarU.e  Corps  r  >  a  supplement 
to  the  present  Manual  of  Physical  Trmntng  i  <  n:  at  the  existing 
emergency  of  obtaining  the  best  results  in  the  shortest  time 


COPYRIGHT,    1918,    BY   CAPTAIN    ROY    S.  HARRISON,    C    A    G.  S. 


GIFT  OF 


Physical  Training 
and  Games 

As  Used  in  tke  Canadian  Forces 
BY 

CAPT.  ROY  S.  HARRISON, 
M.  c.,  c.  de'c. 

Canadian    Armij    Gvjmnastic    Staff 


Adopted  LXJ  tke  United  States  Marine  Corps  as  a  supplement 
to  the  present  Manual  of  Physical  Training  to  meet  the  existing 
emergency  of  obtaining  the  Lest  results  in  the  shortest  time 


COPYRIGHT,    1918.    BY   CAPTAIN   ROY    S.   HARRISON,    C.   A.   G.  S. 


INTRODUCTION. 


This  book  is  compiled  from  special  Tables  as 
taught  in  the  Canadian  Forces  and  its  object  is 
to  give  a  few  simple  exercises  which  will  build 
up  the  body  and  also  tone  the  nerves.  In  every- 
day life  the  fact  that  the  muscles  of  the  body  be- 
come soft  is  lost  sight  of,  and  the  consequence  is 
that  when  hard,  musclar  work  is  required  of  the 
body  it  is  unable  to  perform  it  through  lack  of 
proper  treatment. 

I  served  three  years  in  France  with  the  Cana- 
dian Forces  and  each  day  one  hour  was  set  apart 
for  Physical  Training,  which  kept  our  men  in 
almost  perfect  condition  at  all  times. 

These  exercises  are  very  good  for  the  man  in 
good  physical  condition,  and  are  equally  as  good 
and  even  better  for  those  not  in  first-class  con- 
dition. 

A  short  time  set  aside  for  these  exercises  to 
be  performed  in  daily  will  show  in  a  short  time 
a  wonderful  improvement  in  the  body. 

It  is  always  good  policy  to  learn  one  Table 
correctly  before  advancing  to  *he  next.  In  this 
way  a  gradml  building-; up;-  pi-bdess  takes  place. 

Stout  and:  stiff rlrmjbed  .persons  would  benefit 
very  much,  fr-om.  taking:  these  exercises. 

If  benefit  is  derived  by  all  who  partake  in  these 
exercises,  then  the  object  of  this  book  is  accom- 
plished. 


ROY  S.  HARRISON, 

Captain,  C.  A.  G.  S. 


v*u< 


Trapezius. 


Deltoid 

Dorsal 

Triceps.  -  - 
Biceps.  -  - 


Latissimus  dorsi. 


Gluteus  maximus. 


_  Adductors  of  the  thigh 
Quadricep  sexteosor. 


MUSCLES  op  THBIBODY  (generakriew). 


395065 

(3) 


Hamstrings. 


Hamstriuga.  — — — 


Patella. 


Calf  muscles. 


Tendo  Acbillis. 
Os  calcis. 


(4) 


Incorrect.  Incorrect.  Correct.  Correct. 

Fig.  1.  Pig.  2.  Fig.  3.  Fig.  4. 

Position  of  Attention. 
Fig.  1.  Faults :— Head  poked  forward,  chest  and  lumbar  region  of  back  hollowed, 

abdomen  pushed  forward . 
Fig.  2.  Faults : — Shoulders  unduly  drawn  back,  chest  forced  out,  back  hollowed, 

weight  on  fore  part'of  feet ;  position  strained  and  unnatural. 
Figs.  3  &  4.  Correct,  erect  position,  without  strain. 


Fig.  7. 


Pi?  8 

v   4-^  / 


Fig.  9.                                      Fig.  10.  Fig.  11. 

Position  of  Feet.               "Heels- raise "  (HI.  r.).  " Knees— bend  "'(K.  b.). 

Fig.  7.   "Feet— close  "(F.cl.) .  Heels  together  and  lifted  'Heels  kept  together,  body 

Fig.  8.  "Feet-^open"  (F.  o.).  as  high  as  possible,  body  not  inclined  forward. 

Fig.  9.  "Feet  full -open"  erect— as  at  "attention. 
(F.  full  o.). 


(5) 


Fig.  14. 


Fig.  15. 
I 


Fig.  17. 

Position  of  Feet. 
Fig.  14.  "  Feet  astride— 


Fig.  15.  "  Left  Foot  side- 
way3 — place." 

Fig.  17.  "Left  Foot  out* 
ward— place." 


Correct. 
Fig.  22. 

"  Ilead  backward — bend. 

Chin  kept  down,  breathing 

unrestrained,    movement 

not  extended  to  back. 


Incorrect. 

Fig.  21. 

Faults :-  -Chin  forced  up- 
ward, shoulders  raised, 
back  hollowed,  breathing 

restricted. 


Incorrect.  Correct.  Correct. 

Fig.  24.  Fig.  25.  Fig.  26. 

Position  of  "  Hips— firm:' 
Fig.  24.  Faults: — Head  poked  forward,  shoulders  forced 

backhands  not  grasping  hips,  hack  hollowed. 
Figs.  25 & 26.— Position  of  shoulders  as  at  "attention" 
maintained,   heel   of   hand   forced   down,   fingers 
inclined  slightly  upwards,  hip  grasped  firmly. 


(6) 


Fig.  27.  Fig.  28. 

Fig.  27.  Position  of  " Keck— rest*  (N.r.) 
Hands  behind  upper  part  of  neck, 
finger  tips  just  meeting,  chest  well 
raised,  head  erect  and  elbows  pressed 
well  back. 


,_Fig.  29. 

Position  of  "Arms  sideways — stretch." 
Keep  the  hands  level  with  the  shoulders 
throughout,  extending  them  as  far 
apart  as  possible  by  forcing  them 
outwards  from  the  shoulders. 


Fig  28.  Position  of  "  Arms— bend"    (A.  b.).    Finger  nails  pointing  inward,  forearms 
vertical,  elbows  kept  away  from  sides  and  in  line  with  centre  of  trunk. 


Correct,  Incorrect.  Correct. 

Fig.  30.  Fig.  31.  Fig.  32. 

Position  cf  "  Arms  upward— stretch  "  (A.  npw.  str.); 
By  exerting  considerable  tension,  force  the  hands  as  high 
as  possible,  keeping  them  the  width  of  the  shoulders 
apart  with  palms  turned  inward.  It  is  important 
that  the  erect  position  of  •'  attention  "  is  maintained 
by  the  rest  of  the  body. 


Fig.  34. 

Position  of  "Left  Arm 
upward,  right  Arm. 
downward  —  ttretck " 
(1  A.  upw.  1  A.  downw. 
str.). 


(7) 


Fig.  78- 

Position  of 'On  the  Hands." 

Fingers  slightly  inward,  hands  rather  wider  apart 

than    the   shoulders,   arms   straight  and  nearly 

vertical,    toes   apart  and    body    straight   as   at. 

"attention." 


Fig.  71. 

Position  •/ "  On  the  left  Hand— turn,"  "Leg-raise: 

The  leg  is  raised  as  high  as  possible  and  the  hip  ii 

allowed  to  follow  the  movement. 


Pig.  79. 

Position  of*'  On  the  Honda  ;  Leg— raise." 

Keeping  the  leg  straight  raise  it  as  high  as  possible, 

toe  pointed,  without  altering  position  of  body. 


Fig.  74. 

Position  of  "Trunk 
backyard — bend."  An 
exaggerated  "  Head 
backward — bend  "  by 
extending  the  move- 
ment down  the  spine 
as  low  as  the  bottom 
of  the  shoulder  blados 
without  hollowing  the 
lumbar  region  of  the 
back. 


Fig.  82. 
Position  of  " 
'Leg — raise  "   from 
"  Lying,       A-.rms 
upward  —  raise." 
With  toes  point- 
ed,  leg  raised  _to 
an    angle  oi.  45°, 
keeping  knees  and 
back  straight. 
"  Legs  rctisinj." 
Right   leg   shows 
position   for  both 
legs. 


(8) 


Pig. 


Fig.  36. 
Final  position  of  "Arms  swinging  downward 

and  backward." 
Figs.  Sfcand  37.    Position  of  \*>  Arms  forward— bend  " 

(A.  forw.  b.)  and  "Arms— fling." 

Elbows  kept  well  back,  hands  move  horizontally  and 

the   backward    movement   not   forcibly    checked, 

liositiori  of  head  and  trunk  to  remain  unaltered. 


Fig.  60. 

Positioned " Left  Knee— 
raise"  (Left  K.  r.)  and 
from  it  "Leg  forward— 
stretch"  (L.  forw.  str.). 


Fig.  61.  Fig.  66.  Fig.  67. 

Fig.  61.  Position  of  "  Left  Leg  backicard— raise "  (Left  L.  backw.  r.). 
Fi '..  66r  "  Trunk  to  the  left— turn  "  (with  "  Neck—rest ").    In  all  Trui 


'  (with  "  Neck— rest ").    In  all  Trunk  turning 

hips  kept  to  the  front,  upper  part  of  "trunk  (i.e.,  above  the  waist)  turned  »s 
far  as  possible  in  direction  named,  the  relative  positions  of  head  and  arms 
being  maintained. 

Fig.  67.  Position  of  ••  Trunkto  the  left—bend"  (Tr.  sldew.  b.),  from  "  Feet— close," 
"  Right  Arm  upward,  left  Arm  downward— stretch."  Trunk  not  inclined 
forward  or  backward,  relative  position  of  head  maintained. 


(9) 


"Correct.  incorrect. 

Pig.  84.  Fig.  85. 

''Trunk  forward— bend "  (Tr.  forw.  b.). 


Fig.  86. 


Fig.  84.  With  "  Arras  upw  »rd— stretch."   Correct. 

Fig.  85.  Faults:— Back -rounded,  arms  allowed  to  drop  forward. 

Fig86.  From  •  "Trunk- forward— bend"  tfPr,  forw    b.)  "Trunk 

(Jr.  downw.  b.).    Correct  position  *-Back  kept  straight  as  possible. 


Fig.  Ola. 
Fig.  9la.  "Slow— march. 


Fig.  92. 
Pace  of  about  20-in. 


•Fig,  98. 
-Head,  trunk,  arras  said.  Sonvard 


leg  at  the  position  of  attention,  excepting  that  tb'e  whole  body  is  almost  imper- 
ceptibly inclined  forward  from  the  forward  ankle-joint ;  rear  leg  braced  and  the 
under  part  otthe  toes  resting  on  the  ground 

Fig.  92.  "  Double— march."  Double  pn  toes  with  easy  springy  strides,  Inclining 
body  slightly  forward  maintaining  correct  carriage.  Arms  slightly  bent  (136°; 
and  swinging  easily  from  shoulders.  Fists  cJencljed,  backs  of  hands  outward- 
Fig.  93.  ".Upward— jump."  JRaise  the. heels,  keeping  the  body  erect,  bend  thje 
knees  and  spring  vertically  upward/fully  exteriding  bodv  and'legs  arid  carrying 
head  and  feet  Backward  without  bending  the  knees.  Land  lightly  by  coming 
to  the  "full knees  bend  " position,  thus  neutralishig  the  shock. 


(10) 


HINTS  TO  REGIMENTAL  INSTRUCTORS 

WHEN  CONDUCTING  THE  TRAINED 

SOLDIERS'  TABLES* 


(1)  Enforce  strictest  discipline  tempered  with  tact,  without 
which  training  loses  greatly  in  value. 

(2)  Always  ensure  that  the  men  are  kept  warm. 

(3)  Check  faults  as  shortly  as  possible  and  above  all  avoid 
a  large  amount  of  talking. 

(4)  Keep  the  class  "lively"  and  interested.  An  aid  to  this  is 
the  use  of  "Quickening  Exercises,"  of  which  the  following 
are  a  few  of  the  simplest  examples : — 

(a)  Falling  in  in  two  ranks  as  quickly  as  possible  at  dif- 
ferent spots  indicated  by  the  Instructor. 

(b)  Racing  to  a  spot  a  short  distance  away,  and  back. 

(c)  Assuming  the  sitting  position,  and  getting  up  again 
as  quickly  as  possible. 

(d)  Hopping  with  Leg  raising  sideways,  etc.,  etc. 

(5)  Never  neglect  to  encourage  a  class  for  any  improvement, 
even  though  it  may  only  be  slight. 

(6)  Never  keep  men  long  in  a  position  of  strain. 

(7)  Remember  "Trunk  backward  bend"  equals  an  exaggera- 
ted "Head  backward  bend."  with  the  movement  only  extended 
as  far  as  the  shoulder  blades. 

Every  effort  must  be  made  to  organize  the  Physical  Train- 
ing on  lines  which  will  allow  the  instruction,  once  commenced, 
to  continue  without  interruption  for  one  hour  daily  for  each 
recruit. 

The  training  should  be  commenced  by  running  about 
60  to  80  yards  at  a  moderate  pace,  and  then  marching  at  ease 
in  quick  time  until  the  normal  breathing  is  restored.  Another 
60  or  70  yards  may  then  be  taken  at  a  run,  followed  by  march- 
ing at  ease.  A  total  of  not  more  than  200  to  250  yards  actual 
running  may  be  taken  in  this  way  for  the  first  few  days; 
the  distances  may  then  be  gradually  increased  and  the  pace 
also  slightly  increased  as  the  men  prove  equal  to  it. 

As  the  distances  covered  without  breaking  into  quick 
time  are  increased  the  number  of  periods  of  alternate  running 
and  walking  should  be  reduced,  and  great  care  taken  to  avoid 
pushing  the  men  beyond  their  power.  Signs  of  abnormal  dis- 
tress at  the  conclusion  of  the  running  mean  that  the  progres- 
sion has  been  too  rapid,  or  that  the  man  who  shows  such  signs 
is  not  fitted  for  the  training,  and  should  be  brought  to  the  no- 
tice of  the  Medical  Officer. 


METHOD  OF  INSTRUCTION, 

New  exercises  should  be  taught  as  follows : — : 

(1)  Name  the  exercise. 

(2)  Tell  the  class  its  object  and  effect. 

(3)  Show  the  exercise  and  emphasize  only  one  or  two  of 
the  most  important  points  to  be  borne  in  mind  with  regard  to 
it. 

NOTE. —  (a)  Whenever  possible  state  these  points  while 
showing  the  exercise.  As  a  general  rule,  either  the  Instructor 
or  the  Class  should  be  performing  the  exercise  or  part  of  it. 

(b)  In  case  of  exercises  involving  strain,  set  the  exercise 
first  and  then  bring  out  a  good  performer  to  illustrate  the 
points. 

(4)  Put  the  class  through,  at  the  same  time  verbally  point- 
ing ^  out   faults^  but  never  keep  men  too  long  in  a  strained 
position  for  this  purpose. 

(5)  Perfect  the  performance  of  the  exercise  gradually  by 
alternately    showing   the    less    important    points    and   putting 
the  class  through. 

(6)  When  starting  on  a  new  Table,  teach  only  about  half 
the  new  exercises  and  complete  the  Table  with  exercises  previ- 
ously learned.     On  the  second  day  the  new  Table  may  be  ta- 
ken in  its  entirety. 

COMMON  FAULTS. 

(1)  Stating   too    many    points    to   be    remembered    at    one 
time  by  a  recruit. 

(2)  Coirecting  minor  before  important  points. 

(3)  Talking  too  much  and  before  the  exercise  has  been 
shown  to  the  class. 

(4)  Neglecting  to  make  the  work  interesting. 

(5)  "Nagging"  the  class  and  neglecting  to  praise  good  work. 

OPEN  RANKS, 

Class  falls  in  in  two  ranks,  facing  Instructor ;  short  men  on 
the  right,  tall  men  on  the  left;  60  inches  between  ranks. 
Class  will  dress  "by  the  right"  and  then  "Count  off"  (or 
number).  On  the  command  "Open  Ranks  —  MARCH,"  the 
odd  numbers  of  the  front  rank  will  take  two  thirty-inch  paces 
to  the  front,  and  immediately  "dress  by  the  right,"  and  stand 
steady. 

The  even  numbers  of  the  rear  rank  will  take  two  30-inch 
paces  to  the  rear,  and  "dress  by  the  right"  and  stand  steady. 
Instructor  will  then  turn  class  in  a  half-right  or  half-left 
direction.  This  formation  will  give  every  man  sufficient  room 
to  perform  all  exercises,  with  the  exception  of  "On  the  hands 
—DOWN."  To  perform  this  exercise  the  Instructor  will  turn 
class  to  original  front. 

(12) 


POSITION   OF   "ATTENTION." 

Class  to  assume  positions  as  Instructor  describes  them. 
Heels  together  and  on  line,  toes  turned  out  at  an  angle  of 
45  degrees,  legs  straight,  knees  braced,  hips  square  to  the 
front,  body  balanced  evenly  on  the  hips,  chest  up,  shoulders 
back,  arms  hanging  straight  at  sides,  hands  open,  fingers 
stretched  well  downward  and  joined,  thumbs  close  to  fore- 
fingers and  slightly  in  rear  of  seam  of  trousers,  wrist  straight, 
neck  erect,  head  balanced  evenly  on  the  neck,  chin  slightly 
drawn  in,  eyes  looking  their  own  height  and  straight  to  the 
front.  Weight  of  the  body  is  divided  evenly  between  the 
fore  and  rear  part  of  the  feet.  This  is  a  position  of  readiness 
and  must  be  assumed  on  the  command  "ATTENTION"  (cut 
short  and  pronounced  "Class  —  CHUN"). 

See  illustration  page  5. 

"AT   EASE/' 

A  class  must  not  be  kept  too  long  at  the  position  of 
"ATTENTION," 

When  explaining  or  demonstrating  the  exercises,  class 
should  be  "AT  EASE."  In  this  position  they  are  allowed  to 
relax  the  muscles  of  the  body  but  must  not  move  the  feet. 

PHYSICAL   TRAINING   TABLES. 
TABLE   J,  PART   J. 

A.  INTRODUCTORY  EXERCISES. 

Separate   starting  positions. 

Leg  Ex.  (a)   Feet— CLOSE.     Feet— OPEN. 

Object:  Develops  the  adductor  and  abductor  mus- 

cles  on   inside  and  outside   of   leg. 
(b)   Heels— RAISE.      Heels— LOWER. 

Object:  Strengthens  the  muscles  of  feet  and  legs; 

also  toe  and  ankle  joints. 

Neck  Ex.  Head  Backward— BEND.  Head  upward— 

STRETCH. 

Object:  Takes  away  the  hump  off  top  of  spine; 

strengthens  muscles  of  neck. 

Arm  Ex.  (a)  Hips— FIRM,    Hands— DOWN. 

Object:  Takes  weight  of  hands  and  arms  off  shoul- 

ders also  is  the  starting  position  for  other 
exercises. 

(b)  Arms — BEND.      Arms    downward — 
STRETCH. 

Object:  Strengthens   muscles   of   arms   and   shoul- 

ders, elbow  and  shoulder  joints. 

(c)  A.  —  B.  Arms  sideward— STRETCH. 
A.  —  B.  Arms  Downward— STRETCH. 

(13) 


Object:  Develops  deltoid  muscle  on  top  of  shoulder. 

Trunk  Ex.  Feet— CLOSE.  H.— F.  TRUNK  BEND- 

ING SIDEWAYS  (done  to  count  of  four 
beats  of  time).  F.— O.  H.— D. 

Object:  Develops  muscles  runing  up  side  of  trunk. 

Leg  Ex.  (a)     H.  — F.      Foot    sideways  —  PLACE. 

Foot  inward— PLACE. 
Object:  Stretching    effect    through    leg.      Starting 

position   for  other  exercises.      (Done  with 

right  or  left  foot.) 

(b)       H.— F.      Foot    forward  —  PLACE. 

Foot  inward  —  PLACE. 
Object:  Same  as  (a). 

c)      H.  — F.     HEELS   RAISING  AND 
NEES  BENDING.     (Done  to  four  beats 

of  time.) 
Object:  Develops   muscles   of   the  calf   and   upper 

leg;    also    good    for   toe,    ankle,   knee   and 

hip    joints,    also    corrects    flat-footedness ; 

very  good  for  the  arches. 

Commands    ending    in     "ing"    mean    that 

exercise  is  done  by  the  numbers  and  starts 

left  side  first. 

B.  GENERAL  EXERCISES. 

Balance  Ex.  H.  — F.    Knee— RAISE.    Knee— LOWER. 

H.  — D. 
Object:  Teaches   control   of   the   body — also   tones 

up  the  nerves. 
Lateral  Ex.  H.  —  F.    Foot  forward— PLACE.  TRUNK 

TURNING.     Foot   inward  — PLACE.   H. 

—  D. 

N.    B.  Turn  trunk  only  toward  forward  leg. 

Object:  Develops  lateral  muscles  of  trunk. 

Abdominal  Ex.       H.— F.  Foot  sideways— PLACE.    TRUNK 

BENDING  BACKWARD.   Foot  inward— 

PLACE.  H.  — D. 

Object:  Develops  muscles  of  abdomen  by  stretch- 

ing and  releasing. 

(An    exaggerated    "Head   Backward — 
BEND.") 
Dorsal  Ex.  H.— F.  Foot  sideways— PLACE.    TRUNK 

BENDING  FORWARD.     Foot  inward— 

PLACE. 

H.  —  D.     (Two  beats  of  time.  One  to  angle 

of  45  degrees.  Two  upright  position.) 

Object:  Develops  the  dorsal  muscles  of  the  back. 

Marching  Ex.          Forward— MARCH.    On  the  toes— 

MARCH.     Forward— MARCH.  HALT. 

(14) 


Object: 

Jumping  and 

Vaulting  Ex. 
Object: 


i. 
2. 
Object: 

i. 

2. 

3- 


4- 

5- 

6. 
7- 

8. 

9- 

10. 

ii. 


Leg  Ex. 
Object: 

Object: 


Teaches    correct   method    of   walking   and 
correct  carriage  of  body. 

HIGH  JUMP.     (Taken  free.) 
Develops  the  jumping  muscles  of  the  legs. 
C— FINAL  EXERCISES. 

H.  —  F.     Feet  astride— PLACE.     Feet  to- 
gether—PLACE.     H.  —  D. 

ARMS  RAISING  SIDEWAYS.    (Breath- 
ing exercise.)  —  COMMENCE. 
To  bring  body  back  to  its  normal  state. 

PART  2. 

Selection  from: — 

In  two  ranks  — FALL  IN.  (Practice  fre- 
quently. Sixty  inches  between  ranks.) 
Forward  —  MARCH.  (Thirty-inch  pace 
— cadence,  140  to  180  paces  per  minute.) 
MARCHING  ON  THE  TOES.— Eighteen- 
inch  pace — cadence,  140  to  180  paces  per 
minute.) 

DOUBLE  MARCH. 

HIGH   JUMP.      (Taken    free.)      JUMP- 
ING OVER  ROPE. 
LONG  JUMP.    (Taken  free.) 
HOPPING  WITH  LEG  RAISING  SIDE- 
WAYS.    (With  H.— F.) 
RUNNING    TRAINING.       (Free,    easy 
stride. 

LEAP  FROG. 

SURMOUNTING  OBSTACLES. 

QUICKENING  EXERCISES. 

N.    B.  —  Always   finish   with  marching  on 

the  toes. 

TABLE  2,  PART  J. 

A.  —  INTRODUCTORY    EXERCISES. 

Combined    starting    positions, 
(a)     FEET  CLOSE  AND  FULL  OPEN. 
FEET  CLOSE  AND  OPEN. 
Develops  adductor  and  abductor  muscles; 
control;   starting  position   for  other  exer- 
cises. 

(b)Feet  astride,  A.  sideward— STRETCH. 
Feet  together,  A.  downward— STRETCH. 
Same  as   (a). 
(15) 


Neck  Ex.  HEAD  TURNING. 

Object:  Develops  side  muscles  of  neck. 

Arm  Ex.  (a)    Arms    bend  — ARMS    UPWARD  — 

STRETCH.  Arms  bend— ARMS  DOWN- 
WARD—STRETCH. 

Object:  Develops  muscles  of  arms  and  shoulders; 

elbow  and  shoulder  joints, 
(b)     (Bombing)  ARMS  RAISING  SIDE- 
WAYS QUICKLY.     (Two  beats  of  time.) 

Object:  Develops  deltoid  and  latissimus  dorsi  mus- 

cles.    (Bombing  muscles.) 

Trunk  Ex.  F.  full  open  and  H.— F.  TRUNK  TURN- 

ING.    F.— in  and  H.— D. 

Object:  Develops  trunk  muscles. 

Leg  Ex.  F.  sideways  and  H.  —  F.     HEELS  RAIS- 

ING   AND    FULL    KNEES    BENDING. 
F.    O.    and  H.  — D. 

Object:  Strengthens   leg   muscles — also  gives  good 

carriage  to  the  body* 

B.  — GENERAL  EXERCISES. 

Dorsal  Ex.  Foot  sideways  and  H.— F.  TRUNK  BEND- 

ING BACKWARD.  F.  — In  and  H.  — D. 

Object:  Develops    dorsal   and   trapezia   muscles   at 

top  of  back. 

Balance  Ex.  H.  —  F.     KNEE  RAISING.     H.  — D, 

Object:  Tones   up   the  nerves — also   gives   control. 

Lateral  Ex.  Foot    sideways    and    H.  —  F.       TRUNK 

BENDING  SIDEWAYS.    F.  —  In  and  H. 
—  D. 

Object:  Develops   lateral   muscles. 

Abdominal  Ex.       On    the    hands— DOWN.      (On    bench    or 
ground.)     On  the   feet— UP. 

Object:  Develops   muscles    of    the    stomach.      (Ab- 

dominal  muscles.) 

Dorsal  Ex.  F.  sideways  and  H.  —  F.   TRUNK  BEND- 

ING  FORWARD   AND   DOWNWARD. 
F.  —  IN.     Hands  —  DOWN. 

Object:  Strengthens   dorsal   muscles   of   the   back. 

Marching  Ex.        H.  —  F.     with  KNEE  RAISING  QUICK 
MARK  — TIME.     HALT.     H.  — D. 

Object:  Control;  also  develops  leg  muscles. 

Jumping  and  (a)     UPWARD  JUMPING. 

Vaulting  Ex.        (b)     DOWNWARD  JUMPING.      (From 
bench  bank  or  any  other  suitable  position.) 

Object:  Develops    jumping    muscles;    also    teaches 

correct   way   to   land   and   take   shock   off 
spine. 

(16) 


Object: 


Leg  Ex. 
Object: 


Neck  Ex. 
Object: 
Arm  Ex. 


Object: 
Bombing  Ex. 


Object: 
Trunk  Ex. 

Object: 
Leg  Ex. 


Object: 

i. 

Object: 


C  — FINAL  EXERCISES. 

Heels  — RAISE.     Heels  — LOWER. 
ARMS  RAISING  SIDEWAYS  AND  UP- 
WARD    —     LOWERING     SIDEWAYS 
AND  DOWNWARD  —  COMMENCE. 
Breathing  exercise.    Brings  the  body,  lungs 
and  heart  back  to  their  normal  state. 

PART  2. 

Same  as  table  i. 

Preliminary  Bombing   exercises   should  be 

taught  here — i.  e.,     Bombing  positions. 

TABLE  3,  PART  J. 

A.  —  INTRODUCTORY    EXERCISES. 

H.  — F.     FOOT  PLACING  SIDEWAYS 
BY  THE  FRONT  — COMMENCE. 
Class  — HALT.  H.  — D. 
Develops  leg  muscles ;  also  teaches  control. 
Good  thinking  exercise.     (Done  to  a  count 
of  six  beats  of  time;  third  and  sixth  beat 
being  a   pause.) 

HEAD  BENDING  SIDEWAYS. 
Strengthens  side  muscles  of  neck. 
A.  — B.    ARMS    STRETCHING    SIDE- 
WAYS.     (Upward  or   forward.)    A.D.— 
STRETCH. 

Strengthens  muscles  of  arms  and  shoul- 
ders ;  also  good  for  elbows  and  shoulder 
joints. 

Arms  sideways— RAISE.  ARMS  SWING- 
ING FORWARD.  ARMS  SIDEWAYS 
—LOWER. 

Develops  deltoid  and  tricep  muscles. 
F.   cl.,  and   H.  — F.   TRUNK  BENDING 
SIDEWAYS.    Feet— OPEN.    H.  — D. 
Same  as  in  Table  2. 

F.  f.  open  and  H.  — F.     HEELS  RAIS- 
ING AND  FULL  KNEE  BENDING. 
Feet  — OPEN.    H.  — D. 
Same  as  in  Table  2. 

B.  — GENERAL  EXERCISES. 

Dor.    Ex.     Foot    sideways,    and     H.  —  F. 
TRUNK  BENDING  BACKWARD. 
Same  as  in  Table  2. 

(17) 


2.  Compl.  Ex.     Foot  sideways,  and  H.  —  F. 

TRUNK    BENDING   FORWARD    AND 
FULL  DOWNWARD. 
Foot— IN.   H.  — D. 

Object:  To  take  away  any  strain  caused  by  previ- 

ous exercises. 

N.   B.  These   two    exercises    are    done    together; 

i.e.,  without  coming  back  to  the  position  of 
attention  from  the  Dorsal  exercise. 
Start  with   Complimentary* 

Balance  Ex.  (a)     H.  — F.  KNEE  RAISING. 

OR  (b)      H.  — F.      LEG     RAISING     SIDE- 

WAYS.    H.  — D. 

Object:  Same  as  in  Table  2. 

Lateral  Ex.  (a)     Foot     sideways     and    neck  —  REST. 

TRUNK   BENDING    SIDEWAYS. 
OR  (b)     Foot  sideways  and  H.  —  F.  TRUNK 

TURNING  QUICKLY.  Foot— IN,  and 
H.  —  D.  (for  both  exercises.) 

Object:  Same  as  in  Table  2,  but  much  stronger  ex- 

ercise. 

Bombing  Ex.  Foot  sideways  and  H.  —  F.  TRUNK  TO 
LEFT  (right)  —TURN.  TRUNK  TURN- 
ING TO  RIGHT  (left). 

Object:  Develops   bombing   muscles    in   trunk   and 

back. 

N.    B.  Trunk  is  turned  in  a  continuous  movement 

from  left  (right)  to  right   (left). 

Abdominal  Ex.  (a)  On  the  hands  — DOWN.  A.  — B. 
A.  — STRETCH.  On  the  feet— UP. 

OR  (b)     (Ground  permitting.) 

Lying  on  the  back — DOWN.  A.  upward — 
RAISE.  LEG  RAISING.  On  the  feet— 
UP. 

Object:  Same  as  in  Table  2,  but  much  stronger 

exercise. 

Dorsal  Ex.  Foot  sideways  and  H.—F.  TRUNK  BEND- 

ING FORWARD  and  FULL  DOWN- 
WARD. Foot— IN.  H.  — D. 

Object:  Same  as   in  Table  2.     Head  hangs  loose 

in  a  full  downward  position;  knees   stiff. 

Marching  Ex.          (a)    Forward  —  MARCH. 

(b)  Double  — MARCH. 

(c)  H.  —  F.,     with     KNEE     RAISING 
QUICK  MARK  — TIME. 

(Same  as  in  Table  2.) 

(d)  H.  —  F.,  ON  ALTERNATE  FEET- 
HOP.     CLASS  — HALT.     H.  — D. 

(18) 


Object:  Teaches  control;  also  strong  exercise  for 

muscles  of  the  leg. 

(e)    MARCHING  ON  THE  TOES. 
Jumping  and  (a)   UPWARD  JUMPING. 

Vaulting  Ex.        (b)  With  three  paces  forward  off  the  left 

(or    right)    foot  — JUMP. 

(c)  HIGH  and  LONG  JUMP  (taken  free). 
Object:  Same  as  in  Table  2. 

C.     FINAL  EXERCISES. 

Lear  Ex.  H.  —  F.  Heels  raising  and  knees  bending. 

H.  — D. 

Corr.  Ex.  ARMS  RAISING  SIDEWAYS  and  UP- 

WARD. 

Object:  (Same  as  in  Table  2.) 

PART   2. 

Same  as  in  Table  I. 

TRAINED  SOLDIERS'  TABLE. 

N.    B.  This  Table  is  intended   for  "trained"  sol- 

diers who  have  recently  done  Physical 
Training  regularly. 

TABLE  4,  PART   J» 
A.— INTRODUCTORY    EXERCISES. 

Leg    Ex.  F.  f.  open  &  A.— b.    Heels— RAISE.  FULL 

KNEE  — BEND. 

A.    STRETCHING    SIDEW.    KNEES  — 
STRETCH.     Heels  —  LOWER. 
F.    open,    arms    downward.  —  STRETCH. 

Object:  Very   strong   exercise    for   the   legs;    also 

teaches  control. 

(Heels  kept  close  together.) 
Neck  Ex.  (a)  HEAD   BENDING   BACKWARD. 

OR  (b)  HEAD  TURNING. 

Object:  Same  as  in  previous  exercises. 

Arm  Ex.  A.  —  B.  Arms  stretching  f orwd.,  sidew.  and 

upwd.      (varying    sequence    of    direction). 

Arms  downward  — STRETCH. 
Object:  Strong  exercise  for  the  arms  and  shoulders. 

(6  beats  of  time.) 

Bombing  Ex.  ARMS  SWINGING  '  SIDEWAYS  AND 
UPWARD  QUICKLY. 

Object:  Strengthens  deltoid,  tricep  and  latissimus 

dorsi  muscles. 

Trunk  Ex.  F.  sidew.,  and  A.  — B.  TRUNK  TURN- 

ING QUICKLY,  with  ARMS  STRETCH- 
ING UPWD.  F.  —  IN.  Arms  downwd.  — 
STRETCH. 

(19) 


Object: 
Leg  Ex. 

Object: 


2. 

N.    B. 

Object: 
Balance  Ex. 

OR 

Object: 
Lateral  Ex. 


Object: 
OR 


Object: 
Bombing  Ex. 


Object: 


Very  strong  exercises  for  trunk  muscles. 

H.  —  F.  F.  placing  sidew.  with  HEELS 
RAISING.  H.  — D. 

Stretching  effect  throughout  leg;  also 
teaches    control. 

(Done  to  7  beats  of  time  —  7th  beat  being 
a  pause.) 

B.— GENERAL   EXERCISES. 

Dor.  Ex.  F.  astr.,  A.  sidew.— STRETCH. 

TR.    BENDG.   BACKWD.   with   HANDS 

TURNING. 

Compl.  Ex.  H.— F.    TR.  BENDING  FOR- 

WD.  &  FULL  DOWNWD.    Feet  together, 

&  H.-D. 

These  two  exercises  are  done  together  as 

in  Table  3. 

Same  as  in  Table  3,  but  much  stronger. 

(a)  H.  — F.     LEG    RAISING   FORWD, 
SIDEW.   &  BACKWD.  H.  — D. 

(b)  H.  — F.   Knee  — RAISE.     LEG 
STRETCHING  FORWD.    K.  —  LOWER. 
H.  — D. 

Same  as  in  Balancing  Exercise  in  pre- 
vious Table,  but  very  much  stronger  in 
effect. 

(a)  F.  —  cl.,   i   Arm  upw.,   I  A.   down. — 
STRETCH*    TR.  BENDG.  SIDEWAYS. 
Arms  —  CHANGE.  TR.  BENDING  SIDE- 
WAYS.   F.  — OPEN    A.    Downwd. — 
STRETCH. 

Very  strong  exercise  for  lateral  muscles. 

(b)  On    hands.  — DOWN.    ON    I    hand— 
TURN.  LEG  RAISING.   ON  both  hands 
—  TURN.  On  feet  — UP. 

Very  strong  exercise  for  lateral  muscles; 
the   additional  weight  of   the   leg   making 
this  exercise  so  much  stronger. 
F.  outwd.  and  neck— REST.  Trunk  ^  right 
(left)— TURN.  TR.  BENDG.  SIDE- 
WAYS. Tr.  to  the  front— TURN.  FEET- 
CHANGE.    TRUNK    y*    left    (right)  — 
TURN.    TRUNK  BENDING  SIDE- 
WAYS. 

Trunk  to  the  front  — TURN.  F.  — IN, 
and  H.  — D. 

Very  strong  exercise  for  the  muscles  used 
in  bombing. 

(20) 


Abdominal  Ex.       On   the   hands  — DOWN.     A.   bending  & 
"ad  later"  with  LEG  RAISING.  (Same  as 
in  Table  3.) 
OR  (B)    (Ground  permitting:) 

Lying  on   the  back  —  DOWN.     A.   upwd. 
—  RAISE.  — LEGS    RAISING. 
(Same  as  in  Table  3.) 

Object:  Very    strong    exercise    for   the    abdominal 

and  leg  muscles. 

Dorsal  Ex.  F.     astr.,     A.     upwd.  —  STRETCH.       Tr. 

forwd.  —  BEND.  Arms  swinging  down- 
ward and  backwd.  Tr.  upwd.  —STRETCH. 
Feet  together,  A.  downwd.  —  STRETCH. 

Object:  Very  strong  exercise  for  the  dorsal  muscles. 

Marching  Ex.          (a)   Forward  —  MARCH. 

(b)  Double  — MARCH. 

(c)  H.  — F.,  with  KNEE  RAISING,  for- 
ward—MARCH. 

(d)  Forward  — MARCH;    with    H.  — R, 
on  alternate  feet  — HOP. 

(e)  MARCHING  ON  THE  TOES. 
Object:                     Same  as  in  previous  exercises. 

Jumping  and  (a)  UPWARD     JUMPING,     with     arms 

Vaulting  Ex.        swinging  upward. 

(b)  FORWARD  JUMPING. 

(c)  With  3  paces  forwd.  off  the  left   (or 
right)    foot  — JUMP. 

N.  B.  (a)  Arms  are  swung  to  "Upward  stretch" 

position  as  body  is  in  air,  and  lowered  to 
position  of  "Attention"  as  feet  strike  the 
ground  in  upward  jumping, 
(b)  Arms  are  swung  forward  in  line  with 
shoulders  as  body  is  in  air,  lowering  to 
side  as  feet  strike  the  ground  in  forward 
jumping. 

Object:  To  teach  the  correct  method  of  landing; 

also  very  good  for  jumping  muscles  of 
the  legs. 

C  — FINAL  EXERCISES. 

Leg  Ex.  H— F.,  Heels  raising  and  knees— BEND- 

ING. H.  — D. 

Corr.  Ex.  ARMS  RAISING  FORWD.  &  UPWD: 

LOWERING  SIDEW.  and  DOWNWD— 
Breathing  exercise.  —  COMMENCE.  Class 
—HALT.  H.  — D. 

Object:  To  bring  body  back  to  its  normal  state. 

PART  2. 

Same  as  in  Table  I. 

(21) 


THE  BATTALION  DAILY  PRACTICE. 


PHYSICAL  AND  BAYONET  PRACTICE  TO   BE 
DONE  REGULARLY. 

Physical  and  bayonet  training  should  be  practised  regularly 
during  the  whole  of  a  soldier's  service  at  home  and  to  derive 
full  and  lasting  benefit  every  man  should  do  one  hour  a 
day,  five  days  in  the  week. 

WHOLE  BATTALION  EXERCISED  IN  ONE  HOUR, 

If  properly  organized,  the  whole  battalion  (except  recruits) 
can  perform  their  physical  and  bayonet  training  daily  prac- 
tice in  a  single  hour  providing  the  officers  and  non-commis- 
sioned officers  have  all  been  trained  by  a  series  of  6-day 
regimental  courses. 

REGIMENTAL  COURSES. 

Selected  assistant  instructors  are  given  classes  of  ap- 
proximately four  officers  and  twele  non-commissioned  offi- 
cers who  are  struck  off  all  other  duties  two  hours  a  day  for 
six  consecutive  days,  to  be  taught  (a)  to  put  the  trained 
soldiers  through  their  P.  T.  Table,  and  (b)  to  instruct  in 
the  bayonet  training  daily  practice,  one  hour  being  devoted 
to  each.  During  the  first  half-hour  the  instructor  will  im- 
part practical  instruction,  and  for  the  remaining  half-hour 
class-taking  will  be  practised,  the  members  of  the  class  first 
working  in  pairs  and  later  with  increasingly  larger  squads. 

COURSES  TO  BE  CONTINUOUS, 

The  courses  should  always  be  continuous,  so  that  com- 
mencing on  a  Monday  they  will  finish  on  a  Saturday. 

The  hours  selected  must  be  other  than  the  battalion 
physical  training  and  bayonet  training  hour,  when  all  qualified 
officers  and  non-commissioned  officers  are  required  to  super- 
vise and  assist. 

ARRANGEMENTS  FOR  THE  BATTALION  HOUR. 

During  the  hour  in  which  the  whole  battalion  performs  its 
training,  one  half  should  commence  with  physical  training 
while  the  other  half  does  bayonet  training,  and  at  the > end  of 
the  first  half-hour  change  about  Similarly,  to  avoid  con- 
gestion at  the  final  practice  course,  which  should  be  extended 
to  accommodate  as  many  as  possible,  some  squads  should 
start  with  the  final  assault,  and  do  their  direction  and 
strengthening  practices  later. 

(22) 


ADVANTAGES  OF  AN  ORGANIZED  SYSTEM, 

The  chief  advantages  of  organizing  the  battalion  physical 
and  bayonet  training  on  the  above  lines  are : — 

(1)  The  duration  of  the  training  of  the  whole  battalion 
being  only  one  hour,  it  can  be   easily  fitted  in  with   other 
trainings. 

(2)  Young    officers    and   non-commissioned    officers    are 
given  opportunities  for  taking  squads,  rapidly  learn  to  give 
words  of  command  and  gain  confidence  in  themselves. 

(3)  The   squads  under   instruction  being  small,   the  in- 
dividual can  be  studied  and  given  proper  attention. 

(4)  The  training  being  organized   for   small   squads,   it 
can  be  continued  on   wet  days   in  barracks,   etc.,   and  as  a 
means    to    keeping    fit    and    efficient   whenever    opportunities 
offer  overseas. 


(23) 


GAMES. 

FOR  USE  WITH  PHYSICAL  TRAINING  TABLES  AND 
TRAINING   IN   BOMBING, 


GENERAL  REMARKS* 

The  essence  of  the  following  games  is  that  they  should  be 
conducted  with  the  utmost  amount  of  energy  and  the  rigid 
observance  of  all  details  connected  with  them. 

Executed  in  this  way,  they  inculcate  discipline  and  de- 
velop quickness  of  brain  and  movement,  whereas,  if  care- 
lessly carried  out,  they  may  do  more  harm  than  good. 

A  game  may  be  introduced  into  the  daily  P.  T.  Table  to 
prevent  monotony,  either  before  or  after  the  Marching  and 
Jumping  Exercises  or  in  place  of  them,  according  to  the 
time  available. 

Games  should  not  be  continued  for  too  long,  and  must  not 
be  carried  out  to  the  detriment  of  P.  T.  proper.  Maximum 
time  devoted  to  games  during  a  Recruits'  Table  should  never 
exceed  10  minutes. 

I.  JUMPING  THE  BAG. 

Formation. — The  players  stand  in  a  circle  at  close  in- 
tervals and  facing  inward. 

Apparatus, — A  light  rope  5  to  8  yards  long,  to  one  end 
of  which  is  attached  a  small  bag  of  canvas  or  leather  filled 
with  sand  weighing  about  I  pound. 

Method  of  Playing. — The  instructor  stands  in  the  centre 
of  the  ring  and  swings  the  bag  round,  gradually  pay- 
ing out  the  rope  until  it  becomes  necessary  for  the  players 
to  jump  to  avoid  it.  The  direction  in  which  the  bag  is  swung 
should  be  varied.  The  rate  of  swinging  as  well  as  height  of 
the  bag  from  the  ground  should  be  gradually  increased.  The 
object  of  the  players  is,  of  course,  to  avoid  being  caught  by 
the  rope  or  bag  and  brought  to  the  ground. 

Common  Faults. 

Some  of  the  players  stand  outside  the  ring,  the  bag  thus 
not  passing  under  their  feet. 

II.  SIMPLE  RELAY  RACE. 

(a)  Formation. — Two  parallel  lines  are  marked  out  about 
20  to  50  yards  apart. 

Each  team  is  divided  into  two  parts  containing  an  equal 
number  of  players. 

(24) 


These  are  drawn  up  on  the  parallel  lines,  facing  one  another 
and  extended  at  intervals  of  about  I  yard. 

Method  of  Playing* — In  the  word  "Go"  the  left  hand 
man  of  each  team  draws  up  on  the  one  line,  races  to  and 
touches  the  outstretched  hand  of  the  man  immediately  op- 
posite him.  As  soon  as  his  hand  has  been  touched,  the  latter 
races  similarly  to  the  next  man  opposite,  and  so  on,  the 
team  whose  last  man  first  crosses  the  line  being  the  winner. 

(b)  Progression. — Instead  of  touching  a  partner,  a  stick 
or  other  article  may  be  carried  and  transferred,  not  thrown 
from  man  to  man.  : 

Common  Faults. 

(1)  Not  waiting  to  be  touched  by  a  partner,  or  not  waiting 
to  receive  the   stick,   etc.,  before  starting. 

(2)  Standing  in  front  of,  instead  of  "toeing,"  the  line. 

III.  THREE  DEEP, 

(a)  Formation. — Players  pair.     One  pair  will   be   told   off 
as  "Chaser"  and  "Runner."     Remaining  pairs  form  a  double 
ring,    one   man    standing   behind   the   other,    with    at   least   2 
yards  between  pairs  who  face  the  centre  of  the  ring. 

Method  of  Playing. — "Chaser"  and  "Runner"  take  up  their 
positions  just  outside  the  ring  at  opposite  points  of  it.  On 
the  word  "Go,"  the  "Chaser"  pursues  the  "Runner"  with  the 
object  of  "touching"  him.  If  he  succeeds,  "Chaser"  becomes 
"Runner,"  and  vice  versa.  "Runner"  can  take  refuge  by 
placing  himself,  facing  inward,  in  front  of  a  pair,  whereupon 
the  rear  man  of  this  pair,  now  three  deep,  immediately  takes 
up  the  role  of  "Runner." 

(b)  Progression. 

Formation. — As  above,  except  that  the  men  of  each  pair 
face  one  another  about  one  yard  apart. 

Method  of  Playing. — As  above,  except  that  the  "Runner" 
takes  refuge  between  a  pair,  when  the  one  to  whom  he  turns 
his  back  becomes  "Runner,"  and  the  late  "Runner"  steps 
back  into  his  place. 

This  form  of  the  game  requires  continual  alertness  on  the 
part  of  both  men  in  each  pair. 
Common  Faults* 

(1)  The   "Runner"    dodges   about   too   long   before   taking 
refuge,  thus  making  the  game  tedious  for  the  others. 

(2)  In    (a)    the    "Chaser"    and    "Runner"    dodge    between 
the  two  men  forming  a  pair.     This  is  often  due  to  the  outer 
man  not  standing  close  enought  to  the  inner  one. 

(3)  The  ring  is  allowed  to  grow  too  small.     This  is  bound 
to  occur  unless  each  pair  is  careful  to  step  back  a  short  pace 
to  its  proper  relative  position  in  the  ring  every  time  a  "Run- 
ner" halts  in  front  of  it. 

(25) 


IIIL  "UNDER  PASSING"  RELAY  RACE. 

Apparatus*  Two  or  more  objects  about  the  size  of  a 
croquet  ball,  i.  e.,  ball  made  out  of  rags  or  paper,  boxing 
gloves,  etc. 

Formation. — Players  are  formed  into  two  or  more  ranks 
(according  to  numbers  of  men  and  balls  available),  facing 
the  flank. 

Method  of  Playing. — All  the  players,  excepting  the  last 
one  of  each  row,  stand  with  their  feet  at  least  3  foot-lengths 
apart,  bend  forward  from  the  hips  and  grasp  the  hips  or  belt 
of  the  man  in  front. 

The  leading  player  of  each  row  holds  the  ball;  the  rear 
one  bends  down  in  a  position  of  readiness  to  receive  it 

At  the  word  "Go,"  the  leading  man  throws  the  ball,  or 
other  object,  backwards  to  the  rear  man,  between  his  own 
legs  and  those  of  'the  other  players  of  his  row.  The  ball 
should  be  thrown  so  as  to  skim  the  ground.  Should  it  not 
reach  the  rear  man  in  one  throw,  the  nearest  player  must 
seize  it  and  pass  it  on  in  the  same  way.  As  soon  as  the  rear 
man  receives  it,  he  must  run  to  the  front  of  his  row  and  go 
through  the  same  procedure  as  No.  i,  and  so  on  until  the  last 
man  gets  it,  i.  e.,  the  original  leader.  The  latter  races  to  the 
front  and  places  the  ball  on  the  ground  in  front  of  his  feet; 
the  first  rank  to  do  this  is  declared  the  winner. 

Should  the  ball  go  outside  the  players'  legs,  the  player 
at  that  spot  must  fetch  it,  return  to  his  place  and  pass  it  on 
as  described. 

Common  Faults* 

The  ball  is  thrown  to  the  side  or  too  high,  instead  of 
straight  and  skimming  the  ground. 

V.  "PLACING  THE  INDIAN  CLUB"  RELAY  RACE. 

(a)  Apparatus. — TTw'o  or  more  Indian  Clubs  or  some 
similar  objects. 

Formation. — As  in  "Under  Passing"  Relay  Race.  Op- 
posite, and  at  about  15  and  20  yards  respectively  from  the 
front  man  of  each  row,  two  circles  of  about  8  inches  di- 
ameter are  marked  on  the  ground,  one  straight  behind  the 
other.  In  the  nearest  of  each  of  the  circles  an  Indian  Club 
or  other  object  is  placed  standing  on  end. 

Method  of  Playing. — At  the  word  "Go,"  the  first  player  of 
each  row  races  to  the  circle,  seizes  the  club  with  the  left 
(right)  hand,  and  with  the  same  hand  stands  it  up  in  the 
second  circle  situated  5  yards  off.  He  then  races  back  and 
touches  the  outstretched  hand  of  the  next  man  of  his  row. 
The  latter  then  races  to  the  club  and  in  the  same  way  places 
it  back  in  the  near  circle,  and  so  on  alternately  until  each  man 

(26) 


of  the«row  has  had  his  turn.  The  last  man,  having  deposited 
the  club  in  the  circle  races  back  to  the  line  which  the  front 
men  were  originally  "toeing."  The  first  row  to  finish  are  of 
course  the  winners.  Each  man,  after  having  touched  the  out- 
stretched hand  of  the  "next  to  run,"  places  himself  at  the 
rear  of  his  row,  which  keeps  moving  forward  so  that  the 
"next  to  run"  is  always  "toeing"  the  original  line. 

Should  the  club  fall  over,  the  player  responsible  must  re- 
place it  in  position  before  the  game  may  be  continued. 

(b)  Progression, — Between  the  front  man  and  the  nearest 
circle  of  each  row  (which  distance  should  be  increased, in 
this  case  to  almost  double)  a  circle  of  about  I  to  2  yards 
diameter  is  drawn. 

Each  player  must,  on  his  way  to  the  club,  run  around  this 
circle  from  left  to  right,  and  on  his  way  back  from  right  to 
left.  Procedure  otherwise  as  already  described. 

Common  Faults* 

(1)  Using  both  hands  or  the  wrong  one  to  place  the  club. 

(2)  Players  overstepping  the  line  before  being  touched  by 
the  returning  man. 

(3)  Running  round  the  circles  in  the  wrong  direction. 

VI,  "WHIP   TO   THE   GAP." 

Apparatus. — A  knotted  handkerchief,  towel  or  other  suit- 
able object  which  cannot  inflict  injury. 

Formation. — The  players  stand  in  a  ring  at  close  intervals, 
lean  forward,  look  on  the  ground  in  front  of  them,  and  hold 
their  hands  behind  their  backs. 

Method  of  Playing. — The  Instructor  walks  or  runs  round 
the  outside  of  the  ring  and  as  secretly  as  possible  places  the 
handkerchief  in  the  hands  of  one  of  the  players.  The  latter 
at  once  chases  his  right  (left)  hand  neighbor,  beating  him 
with  the  handkerchief  as  he  runs  around  the  ring  to  his  place. 

Both  then  take  their  places  in  the  ring  and  the  Instructor 
proceeds  again  as  .before. 

The  latter  should  endeavor  to  deceive  the  player  as  much 
as  possible  as  to  whom  the  handkerchief  has  been  given. 

Common  Faults. 

Players  looking  around  to  see  who  receives  the  handker- 
chief. 

VII.  CHANGING  PLACES. 

Formation. — All  the  players  but  one  stand  in  a  circle  of 
about  7  yards  or  more  diameter,  facing  inward.  The  odd 
player  stands  in  the  middle. 

Method  of  Playing, — Each  player  is  given  a  number,  which 
he  retains  all  through  the  game.  The  Instructor  call  out  two 

(27) 


numbers  (but  not,  of  course,  that  of  the  player  in  the  mid- 
dle), and  the  players  so  numbered  must  change  places  in  the 
circle.  While  they  are  doing  so  the  odd  player  must  try  to 
get  into  one  of  the  vacated  places  first,  and  if  he  is  success- 
ful the  ousted  player  then  becomes  the  odd  man  in  the  centre. 

VIII,  CIRCLE  TOUCH  BALL, 

Apparatus, — A  football. 

Formation, — Players  stand  in  a  circle  i  to  2  paces  apart, 
facing  inward,  with  one  player  inside  the  circle. 

Method  of  Playing. — The  football  is  passed,  by  hand,  from 
one  player  to  another,  and  the  player  inside  the  circle  en- 
deavors to  intercept  it.  If  successful,  he  changes  places 
with  the  last  thrower.  If  the  ball  falls  to  the  ground,  the 
player  responsible  either  for  the  bad  pass  or  missed  catch — 
at  the  discretion  of  the  Instructor — changes  places  with  the 
player  inside  the  circle. 

Common  Faults* 

(1)  The   ball    is    held    too    long   before   passing    (about   3 
seconds  may  be  put  as  a  time  limit  for  holding  the  ball). 

(2)  The   ball    is   kicked,    which   is   wrong,    and    spoils    the 
whole  idea  of  the  game. 

IX,  MAZE, 

Formation, — All  the  players,  except  two,  stand  in  parallel 
ranks  one  behind  the  other.  The  distance  between  each  player 
and  each  rank  is  that  of  "double  arm's  length."  so  that 
whichever  direction  the  ranks  may  face  with  arms  extended 
horizontally  a  line  of  players  with  finger  tips  touching  will 
be  formed.  The  ranks  should  be  drawn  up  so  as  to  form  a 
square  as  nearly  as  possible. 

Method  of  Playing. — The  chaser  has  to  pursue  the  runner 
up  and  down  the  lines  until  he  catches  him,  neither  being 
permitted  to  pass  under  the  outstretched  arms.  The  In- 
structor makes  sudden  changes  in  the  lines  by  calling  out 
"Right  turn"  or  "Left  turn,"  on  which  all  turn  in  the  re- 
quired direction,  still  keeping  the  arms  outstretched.  These 
sudden  changes  alter  the  direction  of  the  path  down  which 
the  two  players  may  run.  The  interest  depends  greately  upon 
the  judgment  of  the  Instructor  in  giving  commands  "Right 
(or  Left)  turn."  They  should  be  given  frequently  and 
sharply,  and  often  just  at  the  moment  when  the  chaser  is 
about  to  catch  the  runner. 

The  game  continues  until  the  runner  is  caught  or  a  time 
limit  reached,  when  a  new  chaser  and  runner  are  selected. 

Common  Faults, 

(1)  Chaser  or  runner  passing  under  outstretched  arms. 

(2)  Not  changing  the  chaser  and  runner  sufficiently  often. 

(28) 


X,  BOMB-BALL. 

A  game  for  bringing  into  play  the  muscles  used  in  bomb- 
ing, and  for  the  development  of  quick  and  accurate  throwinr 

Ground. — Any  football  ground  or  open  space,  marked  out 
as  under ;  the  size  of  the  rectangle  may  be  varied  to   sui 
the  amount  of  ground  available. 

The  goal  should  be  marked  out  on  the  ground,  no  goal- 
posts being  necessary. 

Teams* — The  players  should  be  disposed  as  in  Associa- 
tion Football,  but  lesser  number  than  eleven  a  side  should  take 
part  if  the  ground  be  small. 


120' 

__A 

14' 


Goal. 


240'  -I 


10' 


10' 


Starting  Line. 
Center  Line. 
Starting  Line. 


o  o  o  o 

Forwards. 


o  o 

Half-backs. 


Backs. 


Goal. 


Apparatus, — Some  object  approximating  to  the  weight, 
size  and  shape  of  a  grenade,  care  being  taken  that  it  is  not 
such  as  to  be  likely  to  injure  the  players.  The  following  is 
suggested : — a  small  oval-shaped  bag  of  canvas  or  thick  calico, 
filled  with  sand  or  small  shot  to  the  required  weight  and 
securely  sewn  up. 

Referee. — A  referee  should  control  the  game,  as  in  football. 

Method  of  Playing. — The  ball  is  passed  from  player  to 
player  /by  hand,  the  object  to  larid  it  in  the  goal.  It  may  be 
passed  backward  or  forward  as  in  Association  Football,  and 
the  "off-side"  rule  will  apply  in  the  same  way.  The  passes 
are  taken  on  the  run,  and  the  ball  must  not  be  held  but  passed 
on  immediately.  If  dropped,  the  ball  must  be  picked  up  and 
similarly  passed  on  at  once. 

The  ball  may  be  caught  with  both  hands,  but  must  only  be 
thrown  by  one.  Only  two  methods  of  throwing  are  allowed : 
(i)  For  long  distances,  a  full  overhand  throw,  as  shown  in 
the  diagrams  in  "Training  and  Employment  of  Bombers," 
March,  1916;  (2)  For  short  distances,  a  "put,"  made  in  the 
same  manner  as  "putting  the  shot." 

In  order  to  exercise  equally  both  sides  of  the  body  and  to 
develop-  skill  and  accuracy  with  both  hands  the  throwing- 
hand  may  ,be  changed  every  10  minutes  or  so,  at  the  dis- 
cretion of  the  Referee. 

To  start  the  game,  Captains  toss,  and  the  winner  has  the 
first  throw  and  the  right  to  select  the  goal  he  wishes  to  de- 
fend. The  teams  are  then  drawn  up,  the  forwards  along 
their  respective  starting-lines.  The  referee  blows  his  whistle 
and  the  game  commences  by  the  centre-forward  taking  the 
first  throw  or  "put." 

In  the  course  of  the  game,  if  the  ball  lands  in  the  goal, 
or  is  caught  in  the  goal  and  subsequently  dropped  within  it 
by  any  player,  a  goal  is  scored. 

If  the  ball  is  caught  in  the  goal  before  touching  the  ground 
and  thrown  out  at  once  no  goal  is  scored. 

If  the  ball  goes  "behind"  or  into  "touch,"  it  is  thrown  in 
similarly  as  in  Association  Football,  but  with  one  hand, 
and  this  applies  to  a  "corner." 

After  a  goal  has  been  scored,  the  game  is  started  again  as 
at  the  commencement. 

Changing. — No  changing  or  rough  play  is  admissible.  Pas- 
ses may  be  intercepted,  or  throws  frustrated,  with  the  open 
hand. 

Fowls. — Fouls  may  be  given  for  (i)  Running  with  the 
ball,  instead  of  passirig  it  at  once  as  soon  as  caught  or 
picked  up;  (2)  Throwing  the  ball  in  any  way  but  the  two 
methods  allowed;  (3)  Catching  hold  of  a  player;  (4)  Any 
form  of  rough  play;  (5)  Being  "off-side";  (6)  Using  the 
wrong  hand  for  throwing. 

(30) 


Penalties, — A  penalty  for  a  foul  will  take  the  form  of  a 
free  throw  against  the  offending  side  from  the  place  where 
foul  occurred.  In  the  case  of  rough  p-lay,  a  goal  may  be  al- 
lowed against  the  offending  team  for  each  similar  offence 
after  the  first  caution. 

Duration  of  Game, — From  20  to  30  minutes  each  way,  ac- 
cording to  the  condition  of  the  men. 

XL  COCK  FIGHTING, 

Divide  class  into  two  ranks,  about  10  paces  interval,  face- 
ing  inward.  On  the  word  "Go,"  men'  from  opposite  ends  will 
hop  forward  on  one  foot  to  the  centre  of  square,  arms 
folded  across  breasts,  and  endeavor  to  knock  the  opponent 
off  his  balance.  When  opponent  touches  other  foot  to  ground 
it  will  count  one  point  for  opposing  side. 

NOTE:  If  a  man  starts  hopping  on  one  foot,  he  must  con- 
tinue to  hop  on  that  foot  until  he  wins,  or  is  knocked  off 
his  balance. 

XII,  BULL  IN  THE  RING, 

Form  the  class  in  a  circle;  one  man  in  the  centre.  Class 
joins  hands — strong  grips.  Man  (Bull)  in  center  tries  to 
break  through  joined  hands.  If  bull  breaks  through,  In- 
structor will  designate  which  man  was  responsible  for  allow- 
ing this  to  happen,  and  he  will  take  up  position  of  (Bull)  in 
the  center  of  the  ring. 

XIII,    GRAB, 

Class  formed  in  two  ranks  about  10  paces  apart.  Ranks 
facing  inward. 

Instructor  stands  in  center,  with  small  stick  or  handker- 
chief, cap,  or  any  suitable  object  and  calls  on  men  from  op- 
posite ranks  and  opposite  ends  to  carry  stick  or  object  back 
to  their  line  without  being  touched  by  opponent  from  op- 
posite line;  men  to  stay  in  ranks  until  instructor  drops  object 
on  ground  and  says  "Go."  If  successful  in  getting  back  with 
object  to  his  own  rank,  it  will  count  one  point  to  the  side. 

INTRODUCED  BY  CAPTAIN  BIDDLE,  U,  S,  M.  C, 

XIV,  MRS,  MURPHY'S  DEAD, 

Class  will  be  in  open  formation.  Instructor  stands  in 
front  of  class  and  says:  "Mrs.  Murphy's  Dead."  Class  will 
ask:  "How  did  she  die?"  Instructor  will  assume  any  position 
and  class  will  immediately  copy  instructor.  Those  not  copy- 

(31) 


ing  same  position  as  Instructor  will  have  to  double  round  the 
class  and  back  to  their  places  again.  When  all  are  in  cor- 
rect position,  Inspector  will  repeat  the  above.  To  end 
game,  Instructor  will  say  "Mrs.  Murphy's  Dead."  Class  will 
ask  "How  did  she  die?" — Instructor  will  say,  "A  long  linger- 
ing death." 

XV,  O'GRADY  SAYS. 

Class  in  open  formation ;  Instructor  in  front  of  class.  When 
O'Grady  says  do  any  exercise,  the  class  will  immediately 
act  on  it.  Any  exercise  given  by  Instructor  without  the  use 
of  O'Grady's  name  will  not  be  acted  upon  by  class.  Those 
making  mistakes  will  have  to  double  around  class  and  back 
to  their  places.  To  finish  game,  Instructor  says  "O'Grady's 
dead." 

XVI.  EAR   SLAPPING. 

Class  in  two  ranks,  facing  inward,  I  pace  apart.  Front 
rank  holds  hands  about  10  inches  apart,  in  line  with  waist. 
Rear  rank  will  try  to  bob  heads  down  and  up  through 
outstretched  hand  without  being  slapped.  It  is  the  object  of 
the  front  rank  to  slap  the  ears  of  the  rear  rank  while  the 
head  is  passing  through  the  hands.  Ranks  change  positions 
after  a  few  minutes'  play. 


(32) 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
STAMPED  BELOW 


AN  INITIAL  FINE  OF  25  CENTS 

WILL  BE  ASSESSED  FOR  FAILURE  TO  RETURN 
THIS  BOOK  ON  THE  DATE  DUE.  THE  PENALTY 
WILL  INCREASE  TO  5O  CENTS  ON  THE  FOURTH 
DAY  AND  TO  $I.OO  ON  THE  SEVENTH  DAY 
OVERDUE. 


MAY  28  W§ 


A'JTO  DISC  CIRC  W<    3 '93 


YS  19834 


U.C.BERKELEY  LIBRARIES 


.'*95063 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


